Portal Vein

The portal vein is rarely variable. It often receives the left gastric vein, and may also receive an accessory splenic, inferior phrenic branch, pancreaticoduodenal, a pulmonary vein or right gastroepiploic vein.

The hepatoduodenal ligament constitutes the anterior margin of the foramen of Winslow and enclosed the common bile duct, hepatic artery, and portal vein. Usually, the the hepatic artery is located to the left of the common bile duct, and the portal vein is situated posterior and between these two structures (Marois, et al.). Very rarely, the the portal vein lies anterior to the common bile duct and the hepatic artery (Marks, 1/386 operative procedures on the portal triad).

Branches forming the portal vein are also variable. Accessory splenic veins have been reported by several investigators The splenic vein may anastomose with the renal or with the superior mesenteric vein. The superior mesenteric vein has been reported opening into the renal vein.

The portal vein has been reported absent at least twice - hence, it is among the most constant blood vessels (including arteries and veins). It has also been reported to be doubled.

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