Facial Artery

The facial artery is frequently rudimentary. It may terminate as a submental artery, i.e., not reaching the face, or as a labial or alar nasi (lateral nasal) artery and not as the angular (43% of cases studied). In its absence, it may be replaced by the nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery at the medial side of the orbit, by the transverse facial or by the maxillary artery.

The facial, when larger than usual may replace the frontal branches of the ophthalmic or the nasal artery, on the other hand the submental branch of the facial may arise from the lingual.

The ascending palatine branch of the facial artery may arise from the external carotid.

Unusual branches of the facial include an ascending pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, tonsillar, sternocleidomastoid, maxillary, or sublingual. The facial artery may replace the lingual artery and supply the sublingual gland.

The facial arteries inferior and superior labial branches are sometimes poorly developed or absent, in which case they are replaced by the contralateral vessel, which is usually enlarged.

The facial artery may arise by a common trunk with the lingual.

Occasionally it arises above its usual position, then descends beneath the angle of the jaw to assume its ordinary course. The arch thus formed, above the submandibular gland may extend for some distance beneath the ramus of the jaw, lying between the internal pterygoid and styloglossus muscles.

The Arteria Anguli Nasi is frequently small and is variable in its distribution. It is usually the terminal branch of the facial artery.

See Image 145

Ascending Palatine

Riferimenti dell’opera originale

Elenco riportato come compare nella fonte, senza normalizzazione dei formati bibliografici.

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